Nosebleeds, also known as epistaxis, occur when a small blood vessel in the nose ruptures. They are common in both children and adults and can be caused by a variety of factors. Here are some of the common causes of nosebleeds in adults:
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Dry air: The most common cause of nosebleeds is dry air. Hot, low-humidity climates or heated indoor air cause dry air. Both environments cause your nasal membrane to dry out and become crusty or cracked. This makes it more likely to bleed when rubbed or picked or when blowing your nose.
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Nasal irritation: The lining of your nose contains many tiny blood vessels that lie close to the surface and are easily irritated. Nosebleeds can be caused by irritation due to allergies, colds, sneezing, sinus problems, or injury to the nose.
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Nasal surgery: Recent nasal surgery can cause nosebleeds.
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Blood-thinning medications: Taking blood-thinning medications such as warfarin or having a clotting disorder such as hemophilia can cause nosebleeds.
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Tumors and growths: Nasal and paranasal tumors, nasal polyps, and cancerous growths in the nose or sinus can cause nosebleeds.
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Alcohol use: Alcohol use can increase the risk of nosebleeds.
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Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: This is a rare genetic disorder that can cause nosebleeds.
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Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): This is a blood disorder that can cause nosebleeds.
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Leukemia: This is a type of cancer that can cause nosebleeds.
Most nosebleeds can be treated at home by pinching the nostrils until the bleeding stops. However, if the nosebleed wont stop, or if you have frequent or severe nosebleeds, you should see a doctor or go to a hospital emergency department.
