Oral thrush is a fungal infection of the mouth caused by the overgrowth of Candida albicans, a type of yeast fungus. Candida is naturally found in the mouth and digestive system of most people, but it can lead to oral thrush if it multiplies. While oral thrush can affect anyone, it is more likely to occur in:
- Infants and older adults due to reduced immunity
- People with suppressed immune systems or certain health conditions
- People who take certain medications
- People with certain underlying conditions, including diabetes, an iron deficiency or vitamin B12 deficiency, an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), and HIV
Symptoms of oral thrush include slightly raised, creamy white, sore patches in the mouth or on the tongue. If you develop symptoms of oral thrush, you should speak to your GP, who will usually be able to diagnose it simply by examining your mouth. Sometimes they may also recommend blood tests to look for certain conditions associated with oral thrush, such as diabetes and nutritional deficiencies. Oral thrush is usually successfully treated with antifungal medication.
