Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside the ovaries. Most ovarian cysts occur naturally and go away in a few months without causing any symptoms. However, some cysts can cause complications that require medical attention. The exact cause of ovarian cysts is not always clear, but some factors that may contribute to their development include:
- Hormonal problems: Taking a fertility drug that causes ovulation, such as clomiphene or letrozole (Femara), can increase the risk of developing ovarian cysts.
- Pregnancy: Sometimes, the follicle that forms when you ovulate stays on your ovary throughout pregnancy and can grow larger, leading to the development of a cyst.
- Endometriosis: This is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows in other places, such as the ovaries and fallopian tubes, and can attach to the ovary and form a cyst.
- Severe pelvic infection: If the infection spreads to the ovaries, it can cause cysts.
- Previous ovarian cysts: If youve had one ovarian cyst, youre likely to develop more.
Functional cysts and pathological cysts are the two main types of ovarian cysts. Functional cysts are linked to the menstrual cycle and are usually harmless and short-lived. Pathological cysts, on the other hand, are caused by abnormal cell growth and are not related to the menstrual cycle. They can sometimes burst, twist, or grow very large and block the blood supply to the ovaries. Pathological cysts are usually non-cancerous, but a small number are cancerous (malignant) and often surgically removed.
In summary, ovarian cysts can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal problems, pregnancy, endometriosis, severe pelvic infection, and previous ovarian cysts. Functional and pathological cysts are the two main types of ovarian cysts, with functional cysts being linked to the menstrual cycle and usually harmless, while pathological cysts are caused by abnormal cell growth and can sometimes be cancerous.
