Pain during sex in females, also known as dyspareunia, can be caused by a variety of factors. Some of the most common causes include:
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Not enough lubrication: This is often the result of not enough foreplay, decreased sexual desire or arousal, or a drop in estrogen levels after menopause or childbirth.
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Injury, trauma, or irritation: This includes injury or irritation from an accident, pelvic surgery, female circumcision, or a cut made during childbirth to enlarge the birth canal (episiotomy) .
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Inflammation, infection, or skin disorder: An infection in the genital area or urinary tract can cause painful intercourse. Eczema or other skin problems in the genital area can also be the problem.
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Vaginismus: These involuntary spasms of the muscles of the vaginal wall can make penetration painful.
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A problem present at birth: Some women may experience pain during sex due to a congenital abnormality.
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Emotional factors: Emotions are deeply intertwined with sexual activity, so they might play a role in sexual pain.
Other possible causes of pain during sex in females include problems with the uterus, endometriosis, fibroids, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, pelvic inflammatory disease, and vulvodynia. It is important to see a doctor if you experience pain during sex, as it can be a sign of an underlying medical condition that requires treatment.
