Pleurisy is caused by inflammation of the pleura, the membranes surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The most common cause is a viral infection, but it can also be caused by bacterial infections (such as pneumonia or tuberculosis), pulmonary embolism (blood clots in the lungs), autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, lung cancer, chest injuries, and other lung diseases. Less common causes include complications from heart surgery, pancreatitis, asbestosis, fungal or parasitic infections, and certain cancers. Sometimes the cause is unknown. This inflammation leads to the pleura rubbing together instead of sliding smoothly, causing sharp chest pain, especially when breathing deeply, coughing, or moving the chest. The pleural space can also fill with fluid (pleural effusion), which might ease the pain but cause shortness of breath. In summary, causes include:
- Viral infections (e.g., influenza, Epstein-Barr virus)
- Bacterial infections (e.g., pneumonia, tuberculosis)
- Pulmonary embolism
- Autoimmune conditions (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
- Lung cancer and tumors
- Chest trauma or injury
- Other lung diseases and conditions
Treatment depends on the underlying cause, ranging from pain management and anti-inflammatory drugs to antibiotics if bacterial infection is present.
