Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. These pathogens can be transmitted through sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Some infections also spread through nonsexual close contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Main Causes of STIs
- Bacteria: Examples include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
- Viruses: Examples include HIV/AIDS, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus, and others.
- Parasites: Such as Trichomonas vaginalis (causes trichomoniasis) and insects like crab lice or scabies mites.
Transmission
STIs typically spread through sexual contact involving the exchange or contact with bodily fluids like semen, vaginal fluids, or blood. However, some STIs can spread via skin-to-skin contact or from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery. Other ways include sharing contaminated needles or equipment for tattooing and piercing.
Additional Notes
- Ejaculation is not necessary to transmit an STI.
- STIs can be present without symptoms and still be spread to others.
- Some STIs can cause serious health issues, including infertility, cancer, or increased risk of HIV infection.
The main pathogens responsible for STIs are bacteria, viruses, and parasites, and they are most commonly transmitted during sexual activities and other intimate contact involving bodily fluids and mucous membranes.
