Swollen ankles are primarily caused by the accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues, a condition known as edema. This swelling is often most noticeable in the feet and ankles due to gravity
Common causes of swollen ankles include:
- Prolonged standing or sitting: Remaining in the same position for too long can cause fluid to pool in the lower extremities
- Eating too much salty food: Excess salt can cause the body to retain fluid, leading to swelling
- Being overweight or older age: Both increase the likelihood of fluid retention and poor circulation
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased pressure on veins can cause swelling
- Venous insufficiency: Malfunctioning valves in leg veins allow blood to pool and fluid to leak into surrounding tissues, often causing varicose veins and swelling
- Injury or inflammation: Sprains, strains, insect bites, or infections can cause localized swelling due to inflammation or fluid buildup
- Medical conditions: Heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, hypothyroidism, and malnutrition can all disrupt fluid balance and lead to swelling
- Blood clots: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can block blood flow and cause swelling in one leg or ankle
- Medications: Some drugs, including blood pressure medicines, steroids, contraceptives, antidepressants, and NSAIDs, can cause swelling as a side effect
Summary
Swollen ankles result from fluid retention or inflammation caused by various factors such as lifestyle (prolonged sitting/standing, diet), health conditions (heart, kidney, liver diseases), vein problems, injuries, or medication side effects. If swelling persists, worsens, or is accompanied by pain, redness, or other symptoms, medical evaluation is recommended to rule out serious causes like blood clots or infections
. Elevating the legs, gentle exercise, wearing comfortable shoes, and managing underlying conditions can help reduce swelling
