what causes thrush in the mouth

4 hours ago 4
Nature

Thrush in the mouth, also known as oral thrush or oral candidiasis, is caused by an overgrowth of a yeast fungus called Candida, most commonly Candida albicans. This fungus naturally lives in small amounts in the mouth, digestive tract, and skin without causing harm, but certain conditions can disrupt the balance of microorganisms and lead to its excessive growth.

Causes of Oral Thrush

  • Candida overgrowth: Usually controlled by the immune system and normal bacteria, but can grow out of control if this balance is disturbed.
  • Medications: Antibiotics, steroid medications, and birth control pills that disrupt the normal bacterial flora.
  • Weakened immune system: Due to diseases like HIV/AIDS, cancer, chemotherapy, organ transplants, or other immune-suppressing conditions.
  • Other health conditions: Uncontrolled diabetes, dry mouth, smoking, and wearing dentures.
  • Hormonal changes: Such as during pregnancy.
  • Age: Babies, toddlers, and older adults are more susceptible.

Additional Factors

  • Stress and certain infections can also trigger thrush.
  • The fungus can be transmitted via saliva, but thrush itself is not considered contagious unless immune conditions favor infection.

In summary, oral thrush is caused by the overgrowth of Candida fungi in the mouth due to an imbalance triggered by immune weakness, medications, certain health conditions, or other environmental factors.