Ulcers are sores on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus, which can be caused by various factors. The most common causes of ulcers include:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection : A bacterial infection that typically causes ulcers. H. pylori bacteria commonly live in the mucous layer that covers and protects tissues, but they can cause inflammation of the stomach's inner layer
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) : Medications such as ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen, and diclofenac can break down the stomach's defense against the acid it produces to digest food, allowing the stomach lining to become damaged and an ulcer to form
- Lifestyle factors : Although not directly causing ulcers, factors such as stress, alcohol consumption, and spicy foods can make ulcers worse and more difficult to heal
. Smoking may also increase the risk of developing stomach ulcers
Ulcers can be diagnosed through a doctor's examination, endoscopy, and tests for H. pylori in blood, breath, or stool
. If left untreated, peptic ulcers can result in serious complications, such as internal bleeding, which can occur as slow blood loss leading to anemia or as severe blood loss requiring medical attention
