what causes urinary tract infection

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The most common cause of UTIs is bacteria, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli), which is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract. UTIs typically occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to spread in the bladder. In women, the proximity of the urethra to the anus makes it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract, which is why women are at greater risk of developing UTIs than men. Other risk factors include a previous UTI, sexual activity, changes in the bacteria that live inside the vagina, pregnancy, age, structural problems in the urinary tract, and poor hygiene. UTIs can cause symptoms such as pain or burning while urinating, frequent urination, and in some cases, bloody urine and lower back pain