Vaginal yeast infections, also known as vaginal candidiasis, are caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans, which naturally occurs in the vagina
. The fungus is part of the body's natural flora, but an imbalance in the vaginal environment can lead to an overgrowth of Candida, causing symptoms such as irritation, discharge, and intense itchiness of the vagina and vulva
. Factors that can disrupt the balance of good bacteria and yeast in the vagina and lead to an infection include:
- Antibiotic use, which can cause an imbalance in natural vaginal flora
- Pregnancy
- Uncontrolled diabetes
- Impaired immune system
- Taking oral contraceptives or hormone therapy that increase estrogen levels
- Hormonal imbalance near the time of the menstrual cycle
- Tight-fitting clothing and synthetic materials, such as bathing suits and sportswear
- Potential irritants, such as douching washes, spermicide, soaps, powders, or deodorants
Yeast infections are not considered sexually transmitted infections, but there is an increased risk of vaginal yeast infection at the time of first regular sexual activity
. Some men may develop symptoms after having sexual contact with an infected partner, such as itching, rash, or irritation of the penis
