Vomiting during pregnancy, commonly known as morning sickness, is a prevalent condition that affects up to 70% of pregnant individuals in the first trimester. The exact cause of this phenomenon is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the fluctuation in hormone levels during pregnancy, particularly the effects of a hormone produced by the placenta called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) . Other factors such as emotional stress, fatigue, lower blood sugar, and certain foods may exacerbate the symptoms. Additionally, some obstetricians suggest that over-the-counter medications for nausea can be used to manage mild to moderate symptoms, while severe and unmanaged nausea and vomiting can lead to dehydration and weight loss, potentially affecting the babys weight at birth.
It is important for pregnant individuals to distinguish between normal pregnancy symptoms and potentially dangerous conditions accompanied by vomiting, such as hyperemesis gravidarum, which is characterized by severe symptoms including profuse nausea and vomiting, weight loss, rapid heart rate, and low blood pressure. If vomiting during pregnancy becomes severe and does not improve with lifestyle changes, a short-term course of anti-sickness medicine, such as antihistamines, may be recommended by a healthcare professional.
In most cases, morning sickness does not harm the baby unless there is significant weight loss due to severe vomiting. Mild weight loss during the first trimester is not uncommon and is generally not harmful to the baby. It is advisable for pregnant individuals to seek medical attention if they experience severe and persistent symptoms, as well as if they vomit blood or material that looks like coffee grounds.
