Women grow facial hair primarily due to increased levels or sensitivity to male hormones called androgens, such as testosterone. While women naturally produce low levels of these hormones, excess production or heightened follicle sensitivity can result in unwanted coarse, dark hair growth on the face and other areas, a condition known as hirsutism. Common causes of facial hair growth in women include:
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal disorder causing cysts on the ovaries and leading to excess androgen production. This is the most frequent cause of hirsutism.
- Androgen-secreting tumors of the ovaries or adrenal glands.
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, an inherited enzyme deficiency leading to excess androgen production.
- Cushing syndrome, related to high cortisol levels affecting hormone balance.
- Hyperthecosis, where ovaries produce too much male hormones.
- Certain medications such as anabolic steroids, testosterone, and others that alter hormone levels.
- Natural hormonal changes such as those occurring with aging or menopause.
Facial hair growth in women is not always linked to an identifiable cause; sometimes it is idiopathic. Treatment typically focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For example, managing PCOS through weight loss or medication may reduce facial hair growth. Other treatments include oral contraceptives, anti-androgen medications, and cosmetic options like laser hair removal. In summary, women grow facial hair mainly due to hormonal imbalances involving elevated androgens or increased sensitivity to these hormones, with PCOS being the most common medical condition behind it. Other tumors, syndromes, medications, and natural hormonal changes can also cause this condition. The hair grown under these conditions tends to be coarse and dark compared to the fine, pale hair normally seen on women’s faces.
