Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of yeast, mainly Candida species such as Candida albicans, which normally live in small amounts on the skin and inside the body in places like the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina. The balance between yeast and healthy bacteria can be disrupted, leading to an infection. Common causes and factors that lead to this imbalance include:
- Hormonal changes such as during pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause, or from taking birth control pills.
- Antibiotics which kill not just harmful bacteria but also the good bacteria that keep yeast in check.
- Uncontrolled diabetes causing higher sugar levels that feed the yeast.
- Weakened immune system from conditions like HIV/AIDS or cancer treatments.
- Use of products like douches, vaginal sprays, scented soaps, powders, or deodorants that irritate or change the natural vaginal flora.
- Tight, wet, or non-breathable clothing which creates a warm, moist environment ideal for yeast growth.
- Stress which can negatively impact the immune system and influence yeast growth.
- Sexual activity can pass yeast between partners, though yeast infections are not classified as sexually transmitted infections.
Essentially, any factor that disrupts the natural balance of yeast and bacteria in the vagina or skin, or weakens the body's defenses, can cause yeast to grow out of control and result in infection. The infection commonly results in itching, irritation, discharge, and discomfort in the affected area. Managing these causes can often help prevent yeast infections from developing or recurring. This comprehensive explanation summarizes the main causes of yeast infections based on current medical understanding. If you want detailed information on symptoms or treatment, feel free to ask.
