Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of a type of fungus called Candida, which normally exists in small amounts in the vagina, mouth, digestive tract, and skin without causing problems. However, when certain conditions disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and yeast, Candida can multiply excessively and cause an infection. Common causes and factors that lead to yeast infections include:
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause, and birth control pills can alter the vaginal environment and promote yeast growth.
- Antibiotic use: Antibiotics can kill the good bacteria that keep yeast in check, allowing yeast to overgrow.
- Uncontrolled diabetes: High sugar levels can promote yeast growth in mucous membranes.
- Weakened immune system: Conditions like HIV or immune system disorders can reduce the body's ability to control yeast growth.
- Use of douches, vaginal sprays, and certain feminine products: These can disrupt the vaginal balance.
- Sexual activity: While yeast infections are not classified as sexually transmitted infections, yeast can be passed between partners.
- Wearing tight or synthetic clothing: This traps moisture and heat, creating an environment conducive to yeast growth.
- Stress: Stress affects the body's environment, potentially aiding yeast proliferation.
Yeast infections frequently occur in warm, moist areas of the body and can affect different parts such as the vagina (most common), skin, mouth, or bloodstream in severe cases. About 75% of women experience a vaginal yeast infection at least once in their lifetime, triggered by these factors that tip the balance in favor of Candida overgrowth. Preventive measures include managing diabetes effectively, avoiding unnecessary antibiotics, wearing breathable cotton underwear, and avoiding irritant feminine products. This summary is based on current medical information from multiple reliable sources including WebMD, UCHealth, Yale Medicine, UPMC, Mayo Clinic, and Cleveland Clinic.
