A yeast infection in women is caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida, specifically Candida albicans. The vagina naturally contains a balanced mix of yeast, including Candida, and bacteria, with certain bacteria like lactobacillus acting to prevent an overgrowth of yeast. However, this balance can be disrupted, leading to an overgrowth of Candida or penetration of the fungus into deeper vaginal cell layers, causing the signs and symptoms of a yeast infection. Factors that can lead to an infection include:
- Antibiotic use, which causes an imbalance in natural vaginal flora
- Pregnancy
- Uncontrolled diabetes
- An impaired immune system
- Taking oral contraceptives or hormone therapy that increase estrogen levels
Certain lifestyle risk factors can also increase the risk of a vaginal yeast infection, such as:
- Wearing tight-fitting clothing or underwear made of non-breathable materials
- Douching
- Using scented hygiene products
- Having sex with a partner who has a yeast infection
Its important to note that yeast infections are not sexually transmitted infections (STIs) . If you think you have a yeast infection, its important to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms of a yeast infection include itching, burning, redness, and swelling of the vagina and vulva, pain or burning when urinating, pain during sex, and a thick, white, odorless discharge similar to cottage cheese.
