The Amish primarily speak Pennsylvania Dutch, also known as Pennsylvania German, which is a dialect derived from Palatine German brought by German- speaking immigrants from Central Europe in the 18th century. This language is used mainly within the Amish community for daily conversation and church services. It has roots in German dialects from the Palatinate region near Mannheim, Germany, and includes some English influences, though its grammar remains largely Germanic
. In addition to Pennsylvania Dutch, the Amish also use English, especially when communicating with outsiders, in business, and in formal education. High German is used primarily in religious contexts, such as reading the Bible and during church services
. Some Amish groups, like the Swiss Amish in southern Indiana, speak a form of Bernese Swiss German instead of Pennsylvania Dutch
. In summary:
- Primary spoken language within the community: Pennsylvania Dutch (a German dialect)
- Language for religious texts and some church services: High German
- Language for interacting with non-Amish and education: English
- Variation: Some Amish speak Swiss German dialects
This multilingual usage helps the Amish maintain their cultural identity while interacting with the broader society
