what do bacteria do in a healthy gut microbiome

The gut microbiome is the ecosystem of microbes that live in the intestines. Bacteria in the gut help break down certain complex carbohydrates and dietary fibers that the body cannot break down on its own. They produce short-chain fatty acids, which are important nutrients, and provide the enzymes necessary to synthesize certain vitamins, including B1, B9, B12, and K. The gut microbiota also helps control the immune system, destroys harmful bacteria, and prevents disease-causing bacteria from sticking to the intestinal walls. In a healthy gut microbiome, the diversity of microorganisms requires a variety of plant fibers to thrive, and different organisms prefer different whole foods. A healthy diet and lifestyle encourage a healthy gut microbiome. A healthy microbiome can reduce the risk of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.