Flaps are a type of high-lift device that are used to change the shape of an airplanes wing during takeoff and landing. They are typically located on the trailing edge of the wing and can be extended or retracted as needed. Here's what flaps do on a plane:
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Increase lift during takeoff: When an airplane is taking off, the flaps are extended to increase the camber, or surface area, of the wing. This allows the wing to produce more lift at lower speeds, helping the plane to get off the ground more easily. The amount of flap used during takeoff varies depending on the aircraft type and the manufacturer's recommendations.
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Enable steeper descent angles during landing: During landing, the flaps are again extended to increase the wing's camber and generate more lift at lower speeds. This allows the pilot to approach the runway at a steeper descent angle, helping to avoid obstacles and ensure a safe landing. The amount of flap used during landing also depends on the aircraft type and the specific landing conditions.
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Increase drag: When the flaps are extended, they also cause an increase in drag, which is the resistance of the air against the plane's forward motion. This drag helps to slow down the plane during landing and allows for better control at lower speeds.
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Shorten takeoff and landing distances: By increasing lift and drag, flaps can significantly reduce the takeoff and landing distances of an aircraft. This is especially useful for short takeoffs and landings (STOL) operations, where the available runway length is limited.
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Work in conjunction with other flight controls: Flaps are not the only factor affecting an aircraft's lift, drag, and handling characteristics. They work in concert with the aircraft's power, pitch, and altitude to ensure safe and efficient flight.
