Neurologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating diseases of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. They have extensive knowledge of the anatomy, function, and conditions that affect the nervous system, which controls everything from basic body functions to complex cognitive processes. Some key responsibilities and tasks of neurologists include:
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Diagnosing: Neurologists are highly trained clinicians who can diagnose complex conditions through detailed history-taking, physical examinations, and various tests. They perform neurological exams to assess mental status, vision, speech, strength, sensation, coordination, reflexes, and gait. These exams remain a critical component of patient evaluation, even as medicine becomes more dependent on technology.
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Treating: Once a diagnosis is made, neurologists develop and implement treatment plans for their patients. Treatment options may include medication, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, or referrals to other specialists.
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Managing: Neurologists often provide long-term care for patients with chronic neurological conditions, monitoring their progress, adjusting treatment plans as needed, and addressing any new symptoms or concerns that arise.
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Performing tests: Neurologists may order and interpret various tests to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning. These tests can include imaging studies (such as MRI or CT scans), electroencephalograms (EEGs), nerve conduction studies (NCS), electromyography (EMG), and lumbar punctures (LP).
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Specializing: Some neurologists choose to further specialize in specific areas of neurology, such as movement disorders, pain management, or epilepsy. This additional training allows them to develop expertise in treating particular conditions or patient populations.
Neurologists do not perform surgery. If a patient requires surgical intervention, the neurologist will refer them to a neurosurgeon, who is a medical doctor specializing in surgical procedures for the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
