Columbus Day is a U.S. federal holiday celebrated on the second Monday of October to commemorate the landing of Christopher Columbus in the Americas on October 12, 1492. It honors Columbus as an original American hero, a key figure in the Age of Exploration who opened the way for the eventual development of Western civilization in the New World. The holiday also recognizes the contributions of Italian-Americans to U.S. culture and heritage. It is marked by ceremonies, parades, and flag displays across the country.
The holiday originated with celebrations as early as 1792, gained wider recognition during the 400th anniversary in 1892, and was made a federal holiday in 1971. Modern observances focus on Columbus's historic voyage and legacy, although there is some controversy as Indigenous Peoples' Day is also celebrated in some places to honor Native American history and cultures.
In summary, Columbus Day celebrates Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage to the Americas and the subsequent cultural and historical impact, along with honoring Italian-American heritage.