Brown discharge typically means the presence of old blood mixed with vaginal fluids. It often appears brown because the blood has oxidized, turning from red to brown as it takes longer to leave the uterus or vagina
. Common causes of brown discharge include:
- Menstruation: Brown discharge is common just before a period starts or after it ends, as slower or leftover menstrual blood oxidizes
- Ovulation: Some people experience brown spotting or discharge mid-cycle due to hormonal changes and slight shedding of the uterine lining during ovulation
- Pregnancy: Brown discharge can be implantation bleeding when a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining, or other bleeding during early pregnancy
- Hormonal changes: Imbalances in hormones like estrogen can cause brown spotting or discharge outside of regular periods
- Infections or other conditions: Sometimes brown discharge can indicate infections (such as bacterial vaginosis or STIs), cervical or uterine growths, or rarely cervical cancer, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like odor or discomfort
In most cases, brown discharge is harmless and part of normal menstrual cycle variations. However, if it persists, is accompanied by unusual symptoms (odor, pain, itching), or occurs outside typical times, consulting a healthcare provider is advised for proper diagnosis and treatment
