Low blood pressure (hypotension) means the force of blood pushing against your artery walls is lower than expected, often defined as readings below 90/60 mm Hg. For some people it causes no problems, but if it’s too low for your body, it can reduce blood flow to organs and lead to symptoms.
What “low” means
Blood pressure is written as systolic over diastolic (for example, 120/80 mm Hg), reflecting pressure when the heart contracts and relaxes. Many clinicians use less than 90 systolic or 60 diastolic as a general threshold for hypotension, though what is “too low” varies by person and situation.
Common symptoms
Low blood pressure can cause lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, fatigue, nausea, or trouble concentrating due to reduced blood flow to the brain and other organs. Severe drops may cause confusion, a weak rapid pulse, cold/clammy skin, or even shock, which is a medical emergency.
Why it happens
Causes include dehydration, blood loss, certain medications (like those for high blood pressure), heart problems, endocrine issues, infections such as sepsis, and standing up quickly (orthostatic hypotension). Heat exposure, prolonged bed rest, and meals (postprandial hypotension), especially in older adults, can also contribute.
When to seek care
If low readings come with fainting, chest pain, shortness of breath, confusion, or signs of shock, seek urgent care. If you consistently see readings below 90/60 mm Hg or have bothersome symptoms, contact a clinician for evaluation and guidance.
Practical tips
- Hydrate regularly and consider electrolytes if sweating or ill, unless on fluid restrictions.
- Rise slowly from sitting or lying; consider compression stockings if advised.
- Review medications with a clinician, especially drugs for blood pressure, diuretics, or those that can lower pressure.
- Small, frequent meals may help if symptoms occur after eating.
