what does it mean to shut down the government

To shut down the government means that the legislative branch (Congress) fails to pass the necessary funding bills to finance government operations, resulting in a lapse of appropriations. During a government shutdown, many non-essential federal government agencies must cease operations, non-essential employees are furloughed (put on temporary unpaid leave), and only essential services—those related to protecting human life and property—continue to operate. Essential employees may continue working but often do not receive pay until the shutdown ends. This funding gap halts or limits government functions such as national parks, some social services, and certain administrative functions, creating disruptions until a funding deal is reached and signed into law. Government shutdowns in the U.S. are typically caused by political stalemates over budget agreements and have occurred periodically since 1980, with notable shutdowns in recent decades. The shutdown continues until Congress passes budget legislation and the President signs it into law. During the shutdown, activities of key agencies involved in national security, air traffic control, and emergency services generally continue operating. However, many federal workers face uncertainty regarding pay and job status until the government reopens.