Low blood pressure, also known as hypotension, means that the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is lower than normal. It is generally defined as a blood pressure reading below 90/60 mm Hg
. Blood pressure consists of two numbers: the systolic pressure (when the heart beats) and the diastolic pressure (when the heart relaxes between beats). Low blood pressure may not cause symptoms in some people and can be normal for them. However, when it causes symptoms, it can lead to dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, fatigue, confusion, nausea, headache, and an irregular heartbeat
. This happens because low blood pressure can reduce the amount of blood, oxygen, and nutrients reaching vital organs like the brain and heart
. There are different types and causes of low blood pressure, including dehydration, certain medications, prolonged bed rest, pregnancy, and medical conditions such as diabetes or Parkinson's disease. Some forms include orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure when standing up) and postprandial hypotension (a drop after eating)
. While low blood pressure is often not harmful, severe hypotension can be life-threatening if it leads to shock, where organs do not get enough oxygen
. Treatment depends on the cause and severity but may include lifestyle changes, medication adjustments, increased fluid and salt intake, or wearing support stockings
. In summary, low blood pressure means the pressure in your arteries is lower than normal, which may or may not cause symptoms. When symptoms occur, it can affect organ function and requires medical evaluation and possible treatment
