The term "retrograde" generally means moving backward or in a reverse direction. It can describe returning to older or worse conditions, methods, or ideas, such as a "retrograde step" in social policies
. In astronomy, "retrograde" refers to the apparent backward motion of a planet as observed from Earth. Although all planets orbit the Sun in the same direction, from our viewpoint on Earth, a planet sometimes appears to move backward against the background stars. This is called apparent retrograde motion and is an optical illusion caused by the relative positions and speeds of Earth and the other planet in their orbits
. In astrology, retrograde motion is believed to influence life by encouraging reflection, delays, or revisiting past issues. For example, Mercury retrograde is popularly associated with communication problems and disruptions, though these effects are not scientifically proven
. In summary, retrograde means:
- Moving backward or reversing direction in general usage
- An apparent backward motion of planets from Earth's perspective in astronomy
- A symbolic period of reflection or disruption in astrology
