what does the brain stem do

The brainstem is a structure that connects the cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum. It is located at the base of the brain and is composed of three sections in descending order: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The brainstem is responsible for many vital functions of life, such as breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep. It also helps regulate some body functions, including balance, coordination, and reflexes. The brainstem sends messages between the brain and other parts of the body, coordinating the messages that regulate balance, blood pressure, breathing, facial sensations, hearing, and swallowing. The nerves that pass through the brainstem either continue down to the spinal cord or extend through the head to control facial functions. The brainstem controls a large number of processes throughout the body, including balance, reflexes, heart rate, breathing, facial movements, facial sensations, swallowing, and hearing.