The term "catfish" on the internet refers to a person who creates a fictitious online persona or fake identity, usually on social networking platforms or dating websites, with the intent to deceive others. This deception often aims to mislead victims into online romantic relationships or to commit financial fraud. Catfishers typically use fake photos and false personal details, and they tend to avoid real-time verification like video calls or in-person meetings to maintain the lie. The motivations behind catfishing can include financial gain, personal satisfaction, evading legal consequences, trolling, or even exploring gender and sexual identity anonymously. It is a form of deception that can also be associated with emotional manipulation, blackmail, or cyberbullying.
The term gained popularity through the 2010 documentary film "Catfish" that showcased the story of such an online deception. The phenomenon is widespread across social media, dating apps, and online forums, where catfishers craft believable fake profiles to lure potential victims.
