what does the term fourth estate refer to?

The term "Fourth Estate" refers to the news media or the press, especially in their role in the political process. It originates from a historical context where the three estates were the clergy, nobility, and commoners, and the press was recognized as an important independent power group beyond these three. The Fourth Estate acts as a watchdog over government, holding elected officials accountable, providing information to the public, and shaping public opinion. Its function is critical for democracy by ensuring transparency and representing diverse voices in political discourse.