The exact environmental factors that cause autism are not well-understood, but research has identified several potential influences. These factors can interact with genetic components to increase the risk of autism. The most significant environmental risk factors are:
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Advanced parental age at the time of conception: Older parents have a higher likelihood of having a child with autism.
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Prenatal exposure to air pollution or certain pesticides: This exposure during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of autism.
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Maternal obesity, diabetes, or immune system disorders: These conditions during pregnancy may contribute to the development of autism in the child.
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Being born prematurely, soon after an older sibling, or to a mother with diabetes: These factors have also been linked to an increased risk of autism.
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Exposure to flame retardants: Chemicals added to electronics, appliances, mattresses, and other products may be potential environmental risk factors for autism.
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Maternal physical and mental health: The overall well-being of the mother during pregnancy can influence the risk of autism in the child.
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Maternal prenatal medication use: Certain medications taken during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of autism, although the evidence is inconsistent.
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Familial socioeconomic status: The socioeconomic status of the family may play a role in autism risk, although the exact mechanisms are not well-understood.
