Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring, unprovoked seizures. It is the fourth most common neurological disorder in the world, affecting around 50 million people worldwide
. Seizures are sudden surges of abnormal and excessive electrical activity in the brain, which can cause a wide range of symptoms
. The cause of epilepsy can be identified in some cases, but in others, the cause remains unknown
. Symptoms of epilepsy can vary widely, and not all seizures are the result of epilepsy. Seizure symptoms may include:
- Temporary confusion
- Staring spell
- Stiff muscles
- Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs
- Loss of consciousness
- Psychological symptoms such as fear, anxiety, or deja vu
Epilepsy can start at any age, but it usually starts either in childhood or in people over 60
. It is often lifelong, but can sometimes get slowly better over time
. Possible causes of epilepsy include:
- Genetic factors
- Damage to the brain, such as from a stroke, brain tumor, severe head injury, drug abuse, alcohol misuse, brain infection, or lack of oxygen during birth
If you think you might have had a seizure for the first time, it is recommended to see a GP
