When you push up the balloon inside a bottle, several things can happen depending on the specific setup and conditions. Here are some possible outcomes:
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Decreased volume and increased pressure: Pushing up the balloon at the bottom of a model can decrease the volume inside the bottle, leading to an increase in pressure. This is similar to how pushing up on the diaphragm in a model of the lungs can lower the volume in the bell jar, increasing the pressure.
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Air molecules pushed out: If the bottle is already filled with air particles and has no escape route, pushing up the balloon may not cause it to inflate. In this case, the air molecules in the bottle are simply compressed a little bit, but not enough to permit the balloon to inflate. When you punch a hole in the bottle, the air molecules in the bottle have an exit, and they are pushed out as a balloon fills the space inside, resulting in room for the balloon to inflate.
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Air pushed out of the bottle: When you push in the rubber of a bottle, the air inside the bottle can get squashed up, leading to higher pressure. This higher pressure can then push air out of the bottle.
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Deflation of the balloons: In a model of the lungs, pushing up on the bottom balloon can cause the balloons (representing the lungs) to deflate, push out the air, or get smaller.
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Inability to inflate the balloon: If you attempt to blow up a balloon inside a bottle with the balloons opening stretched over the bottle's top, the balloon will not inflate. This is because the bottle is already filled with air particles, and there is no room for the balloon to expand.
