When there is a government shutdown in the United States, the federal government stops all non-essential operations and services due to the lack of approved funding. Essential services continue but without pay until the shutdown is resolved, while non-essential employees are typically furloughed, meaning they are put on unpaid leave. Approximately 40% of the federal workforce, around 800,000 people, may be affected by furloughs or working without pay. Key impacts include travel delays due to reduced staffing in air traffic control and airport security, suspension of many federal services such as national parks and museums, and delays in the processing of government documents like passports. Military personnel continue to work but do not receive pay until funding is restored. Federal employees affected by furloughs are guaranteed back pay once the shutdown ends, but contractors typically do not receive back pay. The shutdown also disrupts government-funded research and critical programs, and can lead to broader economic consequences.
Effects on Federal Employees and Military
- Non-essential federal employees are furloughed without pay but receive back pay after the shutdown.
- Essential employees, including air traffic controllers and law enforcement, work without pay until funding is restored.
- Active-duty military members continue performing duties but their salaries are delayed.
Impact on Public Services
- Many federal services cease, including closures of national parks, museums, and some veterans' services.
- Passport processing and other administrative services may face delays.
- Air travel is affected by fewer staff and increased wait times at security.
Economic and Social Consequences
- The shutdown disrupts ongoing research and programs funded by federal agencies.
- Contractors working for government agencies lose work and generally don’t get back pay.
- The broader economy may suffer losses due to halted government activities and reduced consumer spending by furloughed workers.
This overview covers the general consequences and what happens operationally during a U.S. government shutdown.
