When the U.S. government shuts down due to a failure by Congress and the President to agree on budget funding, non-essential government operations cease, and approximately 40% of the federal workforce (around 750,000 to 800,000 people) are furloughed without pay. Essential services related to national security, public safety, and air traffic control continue to operate but without pay until funding is restored. Federal employees and military personnel will not receive paychecks during the shutdown, though typically back pay is given once the government reopens. Many public services, such as national parks, passport processing, and some research activities, are either closed or significantly delayed. Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid payments generally continue, though some related services may slow down. The shutdown affects travel, veterans' services, and federal contractors who typically do not get back pay. Lawmakers and the President continue to receive salaries during the shutdown. The overall economic impact can be substantial, with previous shutdowns causing billions in economic activity loss.
