3D Secure is an additional security layer for online credit and debit card transactions. It is a protocol that requires customers to complete an additional verification step with the card issuer when making a payment, typically through a password or PIN. The name "3D" refers to the three domains that interact using the protocol: the merchant/acquirer domain, the issuer domain, and the interoperability domain
. This protocol was created by Arcot Systems (now CA Technologies) and was first used by Visa
. 3D Secure offers benefits such as liability shift, chargeback protection, interchange benefits, and increased customer confidence for merchants
. It is designed to make eCommerce transactions more secure and reduce fraud
