what is a culvert

A culvert is a structure designed to channel water past an obstacle such as a road, railway, or similar obstruction, allowing water to flow underneath it. It is typically embedded in the ground and surrounded by soil. Culverts can be made from materials like concrete, steel, or plastic and come in various shapes including round, box-shaped, elliptical, and arch forms. Culverts serve the important purpose of managing water flow to prevent flooding, erosion, and damage to transportation infrastructure. They are commonly used to allow streams or drainage to pass beneath roads or railways. Some culverts function like bridges, allowing vehicles or pedestrians to cross over them while water passes underneath. The design of a culvert depends on factors such as hydraulic requirements, the height of the road, water surface elevation, and environmental conditions. Culverts may be constructed as pipe culverts, box culverts, arch culverts, or bridge culverts depending on site needs. In summary, a culvert is essentially a tunnel or conduit under roads or railways that allows water to flow through it safely without damaging the surface above.