what is a density dependent limiting factor

Density-dependent limiting factors are factors that cause a populations per capita growth rate to change, typically dropping with increasing population density. These factors tend to be biotic, meaning they are related to living organisms, and include competition within the population, disease transmission, predation, and territoriality/aggression. As the population density increases, these factors become more pronounced and impactful, ultimately controlling or slowing down population growth and helping to maintain ecological balance. Unlike density-independent limiting factors, which are not influenced by population density, density-dependent limiting factors become more influential as the population density increases. Examples of density-dependent limiting factors include competition for food, water, shelter, mates, and other resources needed for survival and reproduction. These factors play a crucial role in regulating population growth and maintaining ecological balance.