A detritivore is an organism that feeds on detritus, which is dead particulate organic matter such as decomposing plants, animal remains, and feces. Detritivores consume this dead material by ingesting lumps of it, distinguishing them from decomposers like bacteria and fungi that absorb nutrients on a molecular level
. In ecological terms, detritivores play a crucial role in breaking down dead organic matter, thereby speeding up decomposition and recycling nutrients back into the environment. Their feeding activity increases the surface area of organic matter, making it easier for decomposers to complete the nutrient cycle. This process is vital for soil fertility and plant growth
. Detritivores are found in many ecosystems, both terrestrial and aquatic, and include organisms such as earthworms, millipedes, woodlice (pillbugs), dung flies, burying beetles, crabs, sea stars, and certain fish and worms. For example, the woodlouse (Armadillidium vulgare) is a common terrestrial detritivore that primarily consumes dead plant material but can sometimes feed on living plants when overpopulated
. While often used interchangeably with decomposers, detritivores specifically ingest particulate organic matter, whereas decomposers chemically break down organic material externally. Scavengers, which consume larger portions of dead organisms, are also distinct but related in their ecological role
. In summary, detritivores are heterotrophic organisms that feed on dead organic matter, playing an essential role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem health by recycling nutrients and facilitating decomposition
