what is a hematoma in pregnancy

A hematoma in pregnancy, specifically a subchorionic hematoma, is a condition where blood collects in the space between the chorion membrane (the outer membrane surrounding the embryo) and the uterine wall. This happens due to a partial detachment of the chorion from the uterus, causing blood to pool there. It is a relatively common finding, occurring in about 3% of pregnancies, and is the most common cause of first-trimester bleeding. Symptoms often include vaginal bleeding, which can vary from spotting to heavy bleeding, sometimes with mild cramping, although many cases are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally via ultrasound. The exact cause of subchorionic hematomas is unclear, but risk factors may include previous pregnancy loss, uterine abnormalities, or infections. Most subchorionic hematomas resolve on their own without causing serious complications to the pregnancy. However, larger hematomas or those occurring early in pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage or other pregnancy complications. Management usually involves monitoring with follow-up ultrasounds and avoiding activities that might exacerbate bleeding, but many pregnancies with this condition proceed normally to term. In summary, a hematoma in pregnancy is a localized blood collection between fetal membranes and the uterus, commonly called a subchorionic hematoma, which often causes bleeding early in pregnancy but usually resolves without harm to the baby.