Malware is a term used to describe any software that is intentionally designed to cause disruption to a computer, server, client, or computer network, leak private information, gain unauthorized access to information or systems, deprive access to information, or which unknowingly interferes with the users computer security and privacy. Malware is developed by cybercriminals to steal data and damage or corrupt computer networks. Malware can be classified into one or more sub-types, including computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, spyware, adware, rogue software, wiper, and keyloggers. Malware can be used to gather sensitive information from government or corporate websites, or to disrupt their operation in general. It can also be used against individuals to gain information such as personal identification numbers or details, bank or credit card numbers, and passwords.
Some common types of malware include:
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Viruses: Malicious software attached to a document or file that supports macros to execute its code and spread from host to host. Once downloaded, the virus will lie dormant until the file is opened and in use. Viruses are designed to disrupt a systems ability to operate, causing significant operational issues and data loss.
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Fileless malware: A type of memory-resident malware that operates from a victims computers memory, not from files on the hard drive. Because there are no files to scan, it is harder to detect than traditional malware. It also makes forensics more difficult because the malware disappears when the victim computer is rebooted.
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Adware: While some forms of adware may be considered legitimate, others make unauthorized access to computer systems and greatly disrupt users.
To protect against malware attacks, it is recommended to install antivirus software and keep it up to date, be cautious when opening email attachments or downloading files from the internet, and keep all software up to date with the latest security patches.
