A pelvic exam is a physical examination of the organs in the pelvis, including the external genitals, such as the vulva, and the internal organs, such as the vagina, cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus. During the exam, a doctor or nurse checks for signs of disease or other issues in the reproductive organs. The exam usually lasts only a few minutes and is a normal part of taking care of ones body.
The exam typically has three or four parts:
- External exam: The doctor or nurse looks at the vulva and the opening of the vagina to check for signs of cysts, abnormal discharge, genital warts, irritation, or other issues.
- Speculum exam: A device called a speculum is inserted into the vagina to widen it so that the vagina and cervix can be seen. A Pap smear may also be done during this part of the exam to test for cervical cancer.
- Bimanual exam: The doctor or nurse places two fingers inside the vagina and uses the other hand to gently press down on the area to check if the organs have changed in size or shape. Sometimes a rectal exam is also done to detect any tumors or other abnormalities.
- Sometimes a rectovaginal exam is done to check for cancer or other health problems. For a rectovaginal exam, the doctor or nurse inserts one gloved finger into the vagina and another into the rectum.
A pelvic exam is usually done as part of a routine physical exam, and it is recommended for women starting at age 21. However, not everyone needs the exam every year, and some doctors recommend it only for certain reasons, such as having discharge from the vagina, pelvic pain, or other symptoms. If you think you might have an STD, another kind of infection, or any other issue with your reproductive health, let your doctor or nurse know at the beginning of your appointment.
