what is a perm

A perm, short for "permanent hairstyle," is a chemical process that changes the texture of hair to a permanent wave or curl. The process involves using heat and chemicals to break the bonds that determine the natural hair texture, such as straight or wavy, and then resetting them. The curls may last for a number of months, hence the name "permanent". The chemical solution used in the perming process is determined by the clients hair type and the pH of the solution. Classic alkaline perms are used for stronger, coarser hair, while acid perms are used on more delicate or thinner hair. There are different types of perms available, such as spiral perms, pin curl perms, and beach wave perms, that can create different curl patterns and textures. Perms work by affecting the keratin in hair, which is a protein that makes up about 95% of hair and forms the structure of individual hairs. The most commonly used chemical in perms is ammonium thioglycolate. It is important to note that perms work best on healthy or virgin hair that has not been dyed or chemically treated in any other way. If hair is dry, bleached, or color-treated, or has been damaged by styling tools, it is important to have a consultation with a stylist before getting a perm.