Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus that expand into the uterus. They form as a result of cells in the lining of the uterus (endometrium) overgrowing, and they can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Uterine polyps can be attached to the uterine wall by a large base or a thin stalk, and there can be one or many uterine polyps. They usually stay within the uterus, but they can slip through the opening of the uterus (cervix) into the vagina. Uterine polyps are most common in people who are going through or have completed menopause, but younger people can get them too.
Uterine polyps can cause irregular menstrual bleeding, bleeding after menopause, very heavy menstrual flow, or bleeding between periods. Most uterine polyps are benign, meaning they are not cancerous, but some can be cancerous or can turn into cancer. Only about 5% of uterine polyps are cancerous, and the risk is greater if you’re postmenopausal or if you’re experiencing abnormal bleeding. A tissue sample of the removed polyp is analyzed for signs of cancer.
The following tests might be used to diagnose uterine polyps: transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy, or dilation and curettage (D&C) . Treatment for uterine polyps might involve watchful waiting, medication, or surgery. Small polyps without symptoms might resolve on their own, and treatment of small polyps is unnecessary for those who arent at risk of uterine cancer.
