what is a sedative

A sedative is any prescription medication that slows the activity of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) . Sedatives have a wide range of uses, and their potency and duration vary considerably. They can produce a relaxed feeling, decreased anxiety, decreased intensity of sensations like pain and touch, drowsiness, shallow breathing, slowed heart rate, decreased muscle function, and interruptions in memory. Sedatives are also known as central nervous system depressants, and they slow down brain activity. Sedatives are used to treat varying conditions, including anxiety, tension, seizures, panic disorders, sleep disorders, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Sedatives can induce sedation before surgical procedures, and this can range from mild sedation to general anesthesia. Doctors also give sedatives and analgesics to individuals to reduce anxiety and provide pain relief before and after procedures. Sedatives are usually in the form of a pill or liquid, and they are controlled substances. Sedatives can be highly addictive, and they can cause people to become dependent on them beyond their control. Misusing sedatives and prolonging their use may lead to dependency and eventual withdrawal symptoms.