what is a topographic map

A topographic map is a type of map that shows the detailed and quantitative representation of relief features, usually using contour lines, but historically using a variety of methods. It is a map that presents the horizontal and vertical positions of the features represented, distinguished from a planimetric map by the addition of relief in measurable form. The distinctive characteristic of a topographic map is the use of elevation contour lines to show the shape of the Earth's surface. Topographic maps usually portray both natural and manmade features, including mountains, valleys, plains, lakes, rivers, and other characteristics of the subject area, such as cities, towns, and villages, and roads, railroads, canals, dams, bridges, tunnels, parks, and other features.