what is a transcript

A transcript is an official document that provides a detailed record of a students academic history, including all courses attempted, grades earned, and degrees and awards conferred). It is sometimes referred to as a marksheet, marklist, or report card). In the United States, a transcript is also called a Cumulative Record File (CRF), permanent record, or simply record). In the European ECTS system, transcripts are called Transcript of Records (ToR) ). A transcript is used to document the performance of a student over a certain period of time by listing the course units or modules taken, the credits gained, and the grades awarded. It is an essential tool for academic recognition and is required as part of the application process at a future host university from abroad. A transcript must cover a complete list or table of yearly modules/subjects and practical work that the student has studied and conducted throughout the study period. It consists of the students marks or grades or, in some cases, the subject-wise credit value mentioned in it, considering the grading system followed by an institution. A transcript is an important component of the enrollment process and is useful when transferring credits to and from other academic institutions.