what is a two spirit person

A Two-Spirit person is an Indigenous individual from North American Native cultures who embodies both masculine and feminine qualities or spirits. This identity often includes a unique spiritual and gender role that transcends the binary understanding of male and female. Two-Spirit people traditionally played important roles in their communities, such as healers, caregivers, and spiritual leaders, holding a respected status with specialized social and ceremonial functions. The term "Two-Spirit" is a modern, pan-Indigenous umbrella term coined in 1990 to unite various Indigenous gender identities and roles that existed long before colonization. It is distinct from being transgender or gay, as it includes a cultural and spiritual significance specific to Indigenous peoples and should not be used by non-Indigenous individuals. Each Indigenous community may have its own names and concepts for gender-variant people, and Two-Spirit reflects a rejection of Eurocentric binary gender models and an affirmation of Indigenous identity and heritage. Two-Spirit identity traditionally includes having both masculine and feminine spirits living in harmony within one person, often with supernatural or spiritual approval through visions or dreams. This identity encompasses a fluid, non-binary understanding of gender and sexuality that was embraced in many Native American tribes historically, with over 130 tribes documented to have recognized such roles. In summary, a Two-Spirit person is an Indigenous individual who embraces a complex gender identity rooted in ancestral cultural roles and spiritual significance, embodying both masculine and feminine traits and carrying unique responsibilities within their community.