A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that can affect any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most commonly, UTIs involve the lower urinary tract, including the bladder (called cystitis) and the urethra (urethritis). In some cases, the infection can spread to the kidneys (pyelonephritis), which is more serious. Symptoms of a UTI typically include:
- Pain or a burning sensation when urinating
- Frequent or urgent need to urinate
- Cloudy, dark, bloody, or strong-smelling urine
- Lower abdominal pain or discomfort
- Fever and flank pain if the infection reaches the kidneys
The most common cause of UTIs is the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the intestines but can enter the urinary tract through the urethra. Other bacteria or fungi may also cause these infections. Women are more prone to UTIs due to their shorter urethra and its proximity to the anus. Risk factors include sexual activity, diabetes, obesity, catheter use, and some anatomical or functional urinary tract issues. UTIs are usually treated effectively with antibiotics. If untreated, they can lead to more serious health problems, especially if the infection spreads to the kidneys. In summary, a UTI is an infection in the urinary system, most often caused by bacteria, and leads to symptoms related to urine and urinary tract discomfort or pain. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection. If you experience symptoms of a UTI, it's important to seek medical advice for diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications.
