A wound vac, also known as vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) or negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), is a type of therapy used to help wounds heal. It involves the use of a device that decreases air pressure over the area of the wound, which can aid in the healing process in several ways. The device typically consists of a foam or gauze dressing placed directly on the wound, an adhesive film to cover and seal the dressing, and a drainage tube connected to a portable vacuum pump. The pump removes air pressure over the wound, either constantly or in cycles, and may need to be carried by the patient during the therapy.
The benefits of using a wound vac include draining excess fluid from the wound, reducing swelling, reducing bacteria in the wound, keeping the wound moist and warm, helping draw together wound edges, increasing blood flow to the wound, decreasing inflammation, and stabilizing the wound. Additionally, the therapy may encourage the growth of new tissue that helps the wound close and has been shown to be effective for difficult-to-heal wounds such as diabetic ulcers, severe burns, crush injuries, bedsores, and wound dehiscence (when a surgical incision reopens) .
The application of vacuum reduces edema, infection, and increases local blood flow, which promotes healing, making it a valuable adjunct or alternate therapy for difficult wounds.
