A yeast infection is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of yeast, most commonly the fungus Candida albicans. It primarily affects the vagina and the vulva, but can also occur on other parts of the body such as the mouth, skin, or penis. In the vaginal area, yeast infections happen when the natural balance of healthy bacteria and yeast cells is disrupted, allowing the yeast to multiply excessively. This imbalance can be triggered by factors such as antibiotics, hormonal changes (like pregnancy or menstrual cycle fluctuations), a weakened immune system, uncontrolled diabetes, tight clothing, and irritants like douches or scented products. Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection typically include:
- Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
- Burning sensation, especially during urination or sexual intercourse
- Redness and swelling of the vulva
- Soreness or pain in the vaginal area
- Thick, white, odorless vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese
Yeast infections are common, especially among women, with about 75% experiencing at least one in their lifetime. Although they are not classified as sexually transmitted infections, in some cases, they can be triggered or passed by sexual contact. Most yeast infections can be treated effectively with antifungal creams or oral medications. If symptoms are severe, frequent, or do not improve with standard treatment, it is important to seek medical care for proper diagnosis and management, as other infections may have similar symptoms. Overall, a yeast infection represents an imbalance of yeast growth that leads to irritation and discomfort around the vaginal area but is generally manageable with appropriate treatment.
